Essential Forensic Medicine

Forensic Medicine

Last edition Elsevier Provides an invaluable distillation of key topics in forensic medicine for undergraduate, masters, and postgraduate students. Essential Forensic Medicine covers the broad area of the forensic medical sciences, delivering core knowledge in the biomedical sciences, and the law and ethics surrounding them. Concise, accessible chapters cover a wide range of topics from basic forensic identification and examination techniques to forensic toxicology and psychiatry.

Last edition

ISBN 13:h9780470748633

Imprint:hWiley-Blackwell

Language:hEnglish

Authors:hPeter Vanezis

Pub Date:h01/2020

Pages:h480

Illus:hIllustrated

Weight:h1,157.00 grams

Size:h203 x 251 mm

Product Type:hSoftcover

List Price
grn 3125
$102,46
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  • • A fresh, accessible, up to date textbook on forensic medicine
  • • Written by a well-known experts with decades of experience in the field
  • • Includes numerous figures and tables, and detailed lists of key information
  • • Features numerous case studies to reinforce key concepts and ideas explored within the book
  • • Helps students to prepare for examinations and enables practitioners to broaden their understanding of the discipline
  • Peter Vanezis , MB, ChB, MD, PhD, FRCPath, FRCP (Glasg.), FFLM, FCSFS, FAFMS (UK), DMJ (Path), He has been Professor of Forensic Medical Sciences and Director of the Cameron Forensic Medical Sciences at Barts and the London (Queen Mary University of London) since 2006 (now Emeritus). He was formerly Regius Professor of Forensic Medicine and Science at the University of Glasgow. He is a Fellow of The Royal College of Pathologists, Fellow of Royal College of Physicians of Glasgow, Fellow of the Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Fellow of the Chartered Society of Forensic Scientists. Peter Vanezis was awarded an OBE in June 2001, for Forensic Pathology Services in Kosovo.
  • List of Contributors xix Series Foreword xxi Preface xxiii Acknowledgements xxv
  • 1 The Legal System, Courts, and Witnesses 1
  • 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 British courts 2 1.3 The Supreme court of the United Kingdom 2 1.4 English and Welsh courts 3 1.5 Scottish Courts 4 1.6 Northern Ireland Courts 6 1.7 Other courts 6 1.8 Types of witnesses and evidence 7 References 11
  • 2 Investigation of the Deceased and Their Lawful Disposal 13
  • 2.1 Introduction 13 2.2 Certification of details of death by the Registrar of births and deaths and lawful disposal of the body 13 2.3 Death certificate 14 2.4 When may a doctor issue a death certificate? 14 2.5 The form of the certificate in England and Wales 14 2.6 Legal procedures in the coroner system 14 2.7 Deaths abroad 19 2.8 Inquests 19 2.9 Registration of death 21 2.10 Burial 21 2.11 Cremation 21 2.12 The Human Tissue Act 2004 and Human Tissue (Scotland) Act 2006 24 2.13 Exhumation is discussed in detail in Chapter 5 25 2.14 Legal procedures in death investigation: Other systems 25 References 27
  • 3 The Duties of a Registered Medical Practitioner and the General Medical Council 29
  • 3.1 Medical Acts 29 3.2 Role of the GMC 30 3.3 Consent 32 3.4 Decisions involving children and young people 33 3.5 Consent and capacity 34 3.6 Medical confidentiality 35 3.7 Consent for disclosure 35 References 36
  • 4 General Principles of Scene Examination 37
  • 4.1 Concept of the scene 37 4.2 Scene investigation and Locard’s principle 38 4.3 Scene location and associated problems 40 4.4 Type of incidents 46 4.5 The forensic pathologist and other medical personnel at the scene 47 References 52 Further reading 53
  • 5 The Medico?legal Autopsy 55
  • 5.1 Introduction 55 5.2 Historical background 55 5.3 Types of autopsy 57 5.4 Types of autopsy in the Coroner system 58 5.5 Autopsy procedure 60 5.6 Examination of the exhumed body 67 5.7 Safety in the mortuary and dealing with high?risk cases 69 References 70 Further reading 71
  • 6 Interpretation of Injuries: General Principles, Classification, and Age Estimation 73
  • 6.1 Introduction 73 6.2 General aspects 73 6.3 Timing of bruises 77 6.4 Colour measurement of bruising 80 6.5 Differentiation from artefacts and other post?mortem appearances 82 6.6 Decomposition 85 References 86 Further reading 87
  • 7 Blunt Impact Trauma 89
  • 7.1 External surface injuries 90 7.2 Types of incidents in which blunt impact trauma is the predominant feature 97 References 110
  • 8 Sharp Force Trauma 111
  • 8.1 Introduction 111 8.2 Characteristics of sharp force trauma scenes 112 8.3 Incised (slash) wounds 113 8.4 Stab wounds and their assessment 116 8.5 Glass injuries 124 8.6 Injuries from other sharp objects 127 References 127
  • 9 Firearm and Explosion Injuries 129
  • 9.1 Firearm injuries 129 9.2 Types of firearms 129 9.3 Recoil 130 9.4 Handguns 130 9.5 Rifles 131 9.6 Shotguns 132 9.7 Wounds from firearms and other missile injuries 134 9.8 Investigation of firearm injuries 135 9.9 Wounds and range of discharge from rifled firearms 137 9.10 Entry and exit wounds from single bullets 141 9.11 Shotgun Wounds 143 9.12 High?velocity rifle wounds 146 9.13 Modified projectiles 147 9.14 Air?gun injuries 147 9.15 Injuries from humane veterinary killers, industrial stud guns, and blank cartridge guns 147 9.16 Injuries from rubber and plastic bullets 147 9.17 The effects of being shot 147 9.18 Explosions 148 9.19 Effects of an explosion 148 9.20 Explosion injuries 149 9.21 Investigating the cause of the explosion 152 References 152 Further reading 153
  • 10 Forensic Aspects of Asphyxia and Drowning 155
  • 10.1 Non?mechanical asphyxia 156 10.2 Mechanical asphyxias 158 10.3 Types of mechanical asphyxias and related conditions 161 10.4 Drowning 174 10.6 Diatoms and their use in the investigation of drowning 177 References 178
  • 11 Forensic Medical Aspects of Human Rights Issues 181
  • 11.1 Torture 181 11.2 Development of Humanitarian Law and the Geneva Conventions 189 11.3 Responses to torture and its eradication 191 11.4 Physician participation in torture 191 11.5 Physician participation in Capital punishment 192 11.6 The investigation of mass graves/multiple deaths related to armed conflict 194 References 197
  • 12 Sexual Offences 199
  • 12.1 Introduction 199 12.2 Sexual offences 199 12.3 Responding to sexual offences 201 12.4 Attendance at scenes of sexual violence 203 12.5 Examination for injuries in sexual assault 204 12.6 Interpretation of findings 208 12.7 Examination of Fatal Sexual Assault 209 References 211 Further reading 211
  • 13 Paediatric Forensic Medicine 213
  • 13.1 Introduction 213 13.2 Stillbirth/neonatal deaths 213 13.3 Sudden death in infancy syndrome 214 13.4 Child abuse 216 13.5 Types of child abuse 217 13.6 Management of child abuse 228 References 231
  • 14 Sudden Natural Death 233
  • 14.1 Introduction 233 14.2 Sudden/Unexpected deaths where findings at autopsy are non?specific 234 14.3 Deaths involving different body systems 237 14.4 Sudden death in Schizophrenia 240 14.5 Respiratory causes 240 14.6 Gastrointestinal causes 242 References 243
  • 15 Heat, Cold, and Electricity 245
  • 15.1 Deaths from the effects of heat 245 15.2 Deaths from the effects of cold 253 15.3 Deaths from electricity 255 15.4 Lightning 259 References 259
  • 16 Diagnosing Death and Changes after Death 261
  • 16.1 Introduction 261 16.2 Is the person really dead? 262 16.3 Types of death 264 16.4 Diagnosis of circulatory death 266 16.5 Diagnosis of brain death 267 16.6 Diagnostic tests for brain stem death 268 16.7 Organ donation 268 16.8 Early Indications of Death 270 References 283
  • 17 Identification: General Principles, including Anthropology, Fingerprints, and the Investigation of Mass Deaths 285
  • 17.1 Introduction 285 17.2 Reasons for identification 286 17.3 Reasons for identification in deceased individuals 286 17.4 Reasons for identification in living persons 286 17.5 Approach 286 17.6 Biological (general) identification (what type of individual are we trying to identify?) 287 17.7 Personal identification 288 17.8 Victim identification and management in disasters (mass fatality incidents) 292 17.9 Practical procedures for identification 296 17.10 Identification of buried human remains 305 17.11 The use of fingerprints in identification 305 References 310
  • 18 Use of DNA in Human Identification 311 Denise Syndercombe Court
  • 18.1 DNA fingerprint discovery 311 18.2 Identification using DNA 312 18.3 The National DNA database 316 18.4 Forensic analysis 319 18.5 DNA mixtures 324 18.6 Lineage markers 328 18.7 Mitochondrial analysis 329 18.8 Kinship testing 330 18.9 Missing persons investigations 330 18.10 Disaster victim identification 331 References 333
  • 19 Forensic Odontology and Human Identification 335 Philip Marsden
  • 19.1 The human dentition 335 19.2 The dental identification process 336 19.3 Post?mortem procedure 338 19.4 Dental ageing 339 19.5 Dental reconciliation 340 19.6 Identification outcomes 340 19.7 Bite Marks 341 References 342 Further reading 343
  • 20 Crime and Mental Health/Forensic Psychiatry 345 Vivek Khosla and Orlando Trujillo?Bueno
  • 20.1 Introduction 345 20.2 Mental disorder 346 20.3 Mental Disorder and Criminal Behaviour 347 20.4 Organic disorders 348 20.5 Substance Misuse Disorders 349 20.6 Mood Disorders 349 20.7 Psychotic Disorders 349 20.8 Neurotic and Anxiety Disorders 350 20.9 Personality Disorders 350 20.10 Learning Disabilities 351 20.11 Sexual Offending and Mental Disorders 351 20.12 Mental Health Legislation 352 20.13 Section 48: transfer of unsentenced prisoners 353 20.14 Section 41: restriction order 353 20.15 Section 49: restriction direction 353 20.16 Specific psychiatric issues during criminal proceedings 353 20.17 Serial Killers 357 20.18 Clinical Forensic Psychiatry 357 20.19 Secure Forensic Mental Health Services 359 20.20 Conclusions and final thoughts 360 References 361
  • 21 Maternal Deaths 363 Mahomed Dada
  • 21.1 Introduction and definitions 363 21.2 Causes of maternal deaths 366 21.3 The autopsy in maternal death 366 21.4 Specialised pathology in pregnancy 368 References 369
  • 22 The Examination of Detainees and Death in Custody 371 Peter Vanezis
  • 22.1 Defining death in custody 371 22.2 Ministerial Council on Deaths in Custody 372 22.3 Deaths in custody in England and Wales 373 22.4 Management of detainees in police custody 374 22.5 Role of the Independent Office for Police Conduct 375 22.6 Deaths related to restraint 376 22.7 Excited Delirium Syndrome/Acute Behavioural Disturbance 377 22.8 Conflict resolution (De?escalation) 377 22.9 Methods of restraint 378 22.10 Addendum 380
  • 23 Forensic Toxicology: Clinico?pathological Aspects and Medico?legal Issues 383 Nadia Porpiglia, Chiara Laposata, and Franco Tagliaro
  • 23.1 Introduction 383 23.2 Biological samples collected for toxicological analysis 383 23.3 Interpretation of toxicology results 385 23.4 Interactions between drugs 387 23.5 Assessing the cause of death 388 23.6 Alcohol 389 23.7 Alcohol withdrawal syndrome 401 23.8 Alcohol interaction with other drugs 402 References 402
  • 24 Illicit Drug Use 405 Giovanni Serpelloni and Claudia Rimondo
  • 24.1 Definitions 405 24.2 Type of substances 407 24.3 The legal scenario of drug use 412 24.4 The drug scene today 416 24.5 Consequences of drug use 420
  • References 434 Index 443
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